Introduction Tutorial

Method of Calculation 
   PFD Allowance - Personal, Fatigue and Delay Allowance formula  ( the standard time )
The Standard Time = ( Observed Time ) ( Rating Factor ) + ( Observed Time ) ( Rating Factor)                                    
                                 ( PFD Allowance )
                                 *boleh dimasukkan dalam proses Flow

Process Control Plan ( PCP ) 
Pelan kawalan proses memberikan "keterangan ringkasan" didokumentasikan
kaedah yang digunakan untuk meminimumkan proses
dan produk variasi. Ini menyediakan pendekatan berstruktur untuk
design, pemilihan dan pelaksanaan nilai tambah
kaedah kawalan. Hal ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan terperinci
maklumat yang terkandung dalam arahan kerja pembekal

Planning For Mass Production

  - Nak keluarkan beribu2 barang yang terdiri daripada beberapa ratus orang pekerja.

Continuous Production 

  - dibuat sekiranya permintaan keatas sesuatu produk tinggi.

    ( dibuat secara shift..cth 8pg-8mlm )

Single Item Production

  - orang yang betul2 expert dlm keja 2..kalu xder dia keja x jalan.

Batch Production

  - not a single people to setup the product. 

Benefit

* Promote understanding of a process 

* Identities problem areas and opportunities

* Provides a way

                  Symbol use in Flowchart (standard Flow ) 

   

WI

WORK INSTRUCTION (WI)

Written instructions or procedures can prevent many problems:

                   “I thought you said……..”

                   “I did not know where that was kept”

                   “No one told me that I had to do it that way”

Sound familiar??

The Benefits:

• Effective communication- if the boss is away, staff simply refer to the WI or SOP for instruction
• Provides clear and easy to understand instructions.
• Useful when training new or temporary staff
• Reduces the possibility of mistakes being made
• Information in writing is less likely to be forgotten or misunderstood.

Procedures or Work Instructions

What is a Procedure?

A procedure is a written instruction that describes what has to be done, by whom, when, how and where. 

Why use procedures?

 -what people think is being done

 -what actually being done, most of the time

 -shot cut on 

 -what should be done

Step to follow

-Write down in simple steps

-review the steps

-Number each steps 

Work Instruction Breakdown

*page number

*date 

*author

*procedure description

*who is responsible for the procedure

*where

*when

*reference document

*actual step (langkah2 yg perlu diambil)

TUESDAY, JANUARY 25, 2011

QUOTATION ( sebut harga )

     

      * Material - specification / certification

      * Quantity

      * Price 

      * Brand 

•A quotation is given to customer prior to the order

–The quotation is given based on the costing of the product sold.

•Material cost

•Labour ( pekerja/kos masa )

•Overhead ( elektrik,mesin dll )

•Transportation – Delivery terms

•Sales Tax ( tax yg dikenakan oleh kerajaan )

•Mark-up ( % keuntungan )

DELIVERY TERMS

QUESTION

What is Quotation?

 -satu dokumen yang menentukan jenama, kuantiti, jumlah barang, dan harga.

Why is quotation  necessary?

 -untukk menentukan kos / harga product tersebut.

 - menentukan yang terbaik dari segi harha , kuantiti, masa dll.

Can a quotation be revised?

 - yes, may b nak tukar jenama brg @ cara pengangkutan.

What is the importance of validity in the quotation?

 - masa yg d berikan tepat

 - tempoh masa

Why we have delivery terms in the quotation? 

 - x tau sapa yg b'tanggungjawab ke atas penghantaran. 

What is the difference between DDP n DDU

 - DPP = delivery duty paid

 - DDU = delivery duty Unpaid

Can we send quotation by e-mail

 -yes

CONTOH BOM

Item no: BRDWHT0250

Description: Loaf White Bread 250g

Version: A  Revision: 1 

Effective date: 25/12/2006

Bill Of Material

BILL OFF MATERIAL 

 A Bill of Materials (BOM) describes a product in terms of its assemblies, sub-assemblies, and basic parts. Basically consisting of a list of parts, a BOM is an essential part of the design and manufacture of any product. It is also known as recipe, formula or ingredient list.

 CoNtoH

What information must exist in a BOM?

Item no

 Description

Quantity

UOM

Supplier

Brand



Project Cost Planning

PenTingnya kAWalaN Kos

• kos merupakan salah satu tujuan projek
• Unless cost is controlled, project objectives can be jeopardized
• Kos, Masa dan kualiti adalah saling berkaitan.
• Sebahagian besar projek mempunyai lebihan kos

3W AND 1H IN COST CONTROL

• who control cost
• when to control cost
• where to control cost
• How to control cost? 

    
"ini harta ana yang punya"